The figures were revealed through a freedom of information request and showed nine took place at the Victoria Hospital and five at Dunfermline’s Queen Margaret Hospital.
Mid Scotland and Fife MSP Claire Baker has expressed concern at the statistics and called on the Scottish Government and NHS Fife to take “immediate action” to address safeguarding concerns.
Figures from health boards, obtained by the Women’s Rights Network Scotland, showed 182 sexual assaults and rapes had taken place in NHS hospitals across Scotland in the past five years with victims including patients and staff.
Campaigners have warned that figures may be higher as not all cases are reported or pursued by police.
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During First Minister’s Questions in the Scottish Parliament, Mrs Baker raised the matter, urging the Scottish Government to work with NHS boards to ensure that robust safeguards are in place to prevent assaults from taking place.
“These figures are shocking and clearly demonstrate that existing safeguards are not sufficient,” she said.
“I have urged the Scottish Government to work with NHS boards to improve safeguarding measures and I am writing to NHS Fife to seek assurances that immediate action is being taken.
“Perpetrators of sexual assault and rape must be held to account but there are also serious questions to be answered about how the NHS is responding to these crimes and what they are doing to prevent assaults.
“Hospital patients are often vulnerable and they, and their families, must be able to trust the NHS to keep them safe.”
An NHS Fife spokesperson said the safety of patients and staff was their “highest” priority.
They said: “We take any reported incidents of this nature in our hospitals extremely seriously.
“We cannot comment on the figures supplied by Police Scotland without having more information on the incidents, however, it remains incredibly rare for incidents of this type to occur in our hospitals.
“Where an incident is reported to us, there are robust procedures in place to ensure there is a thorough investigation and prompt escalation to Police Scotland.”